Every flu season, injectable vaccines prime the immune system to produce antibodies that circulate through the bloodstream.

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

Deep in the lungs, resident memory B cells stand guard against influenza reinfection—but whether they remain there may depend ...

B cells are a central component of the adaptive immune system, responsible for recognising pathogens and producing antibodies that neutralise infections. Their development, activation and ...

At the moment, an influenza vaccine called FluMist is the only licensed intranasal vaccine approved for use in humans. The ...

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center scientists have discovered a novel subset of cancer-fighting immune cells that reside outside of their normal neighborhood – ...

The average human has about 1.8 trillion immune cells. These cells patrol the body for bacteria, viruses, cancers, and other threats. Vaccines enhance this security system by teaching our immune cells ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...